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Description
Burning plasmas in fusion reactors are complex systems where energetic particles (EP) play a fundamental role in cross-scale interactions [1]. This study reviews phase space zonal structures (PSZS) [2-5] and their significance in transport analyses. Using synthetic diagnostics from the HMGC and ORB5 codes [6,7], we illustrate the role of PSZS in capturing transport dynamics in burning plasmas Gyrokinetic simulations accurately. While transport studies assume Maxwellian equilibria, for EPs and burning plasmas in general, a more comprehensive description is needed to capture self-organization processes. By deriving governing equations for PSZS using multi-scale perturbation theory, we can model modifications of the equilibrium caused by resonant interactions. This approach allows us to recover standard transport equations in the proper limit.
A new phase space transport workflow called ATEP [8] is proposed to accurately describe PSZS dynamics. This workflow enables us to restart Global Gyrokinetic codes from PSZS distributions, extending simulations over long time scales without assuming a model distribution function. By comparing global gyrokinetic simulation results, e.g, from ORB5, and ATEP we effectively construct a hierarchical approach for PSZS evolution. Additionally, we introduce the Dyson-Schrödinger model (DSM) [9] in the hierarchy of transport models, filling the gap between ORB5 and ATEP. A numerical workflow [10] based on the PEANUTS suite of codes is presented to solve DSM.
[1] L. Chen and F. Zonca, Reviews of Modern Physics 88, 015008 (2016).
[2] F. Zonca et al., New Journal of Physics 17, 013052 (2015).
[3] F. Zonca et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 57, 014024 (2015).
[4] M. V. Falessi and F. Zonca, Physics of Plasmas 26, 022305 (2019).
[5] M. V. Falessi, L. Chen, Z. Qiu, and F. Zonca, New Journal of Physics 25, 123035 (2023).
[6] S. Briguglio et al., Physics of Plasmas 21, 112301 (2014).
[7] A. Bottino et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2397, 012019 (2023).
[8] P. Lauber et al., Nuclear Fusion 64, 096010 (2024).
[9] F. Zonca et al., Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1785, 012005 (2021).
[10] G. Wei et al., Physics of Plasmas 31, 072505 (2024).
