Burning plasmas in fusion reactors are complex systems where energetic particles (EP) play a fundamental role in cross-scale interactions [1]. This study reviews phase space zonal structures (PSZS) [2-5] and their significance in transport analyses. Using synthetic diagnostics from the HMGC and ORB5 codes [6,7], we illustrate the role of PSZS in capturing transport dynamics in burning plasmas...
Plasma start-up is a critical phase in tokamak operation and becomes particularly challenging in superconducting devices such as ITER, where the low toroidal electric field (E ∼ 0.3 V m⁻¹), stray poloidal fields, and residual impurities constrain ohmic initiation and can result in either breakdown failure or radiation-limited burn-through. Electron Cyclotron (EC) waves can mitigate these...
Magnetic clouds are multi-scale structures: coronal flux ropes evolve to become as wide as 0.2 AU near the Earth; their magnetic fields vary on scales smaller than their average size, and present turbulent fluctuations. We perform high resolution 2.5D MHD simulations to study a magnetic flux rope cross section in the expanding solar wind together with turbulence: we investigate how turbulence...
